نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
While Western thinkers, emphasizing linear theories and Darwin's "evolution of species" theory, believed that the general spirit that governs the world has reached its maximum development and the happy human being of the modern era has reached self-awareness as the manifestation of this spirit. Even Fukuyama considers liberal democracy to be the inevitable fate of human societies, but the challenges facing Western civilization became apparent over time, and even people like Spengler, focusing on the cyclical course of history, predicted the decline and collapse of Western civilization. ! The main question of this research is: What happened to Western civilization that Western thinkers described as an unfinished project and tried to change their intellectual foundations? This article aims to enumerate these bases and examine the challenges facing them. The type of this study is descriptive-analytical and it was done with a library method. The findings of the research show that many of the challenges of Western civilization are rooted in the theoretical foundations of this civilization. Humanism, secularism, rationalism and scientism - which are the foundations of liberal democracy - have caused serious challenges in Western civilization.The main question of the current research is: What happened to a civilization that was once moving towards progress and development with increasing speed, that now it is described as an unfinished project and they tried to change their intellectual foundations.
It seems that the emergence of challenges and crises in humanism, secularism, rationalism, scientism as the foundations of liberal-democracy has caused serious challenges in Western civilization. Therefore, the above article tries to enumerate these foundations and components and examine the challenges facing them. The type of this study is descriptive-analytical which was conducted using the library method.
کلیدواژهها English
